An alternative to clear-cutting in the boreal forest of Alaska: a 27-year study of regeneration after shelterwood harvesting
نویسندگان
چکیده
We present 27-year results from a comparison of clear-cutting and shelterwood harvesting in the boreal forest of Alaska. Three patch clear-cut and three shelterwood units were harvested in 1972; about 100 dispersed white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) leave trees per hectare were retained in the shelterwoods. Units were mechanically scarified and an exceptionally large seed-crop was dispersed that year. Shelterwood trees were removed after 15 years. After 27 years, overstory treatment had no effect on the density or growth of the species we studied, while scarification had highly significant effects. In 1999, scarified areas were densely populated with white spruce seedlings and saplings (118 000 – 129 000 stems/ha, with spruce in 100% of plots). Unscarified areas had far fewer spruce stems but were nevertheless well stocked (11 000 –15 000 stems/ha, with 87% frequency). Initially, spruce grew best on scarified surfaces, but by 27 years, growth of the tallest spruce saplings was significantly greater on unscarified than scarified surfaces. By 27 years, cover of the grass Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Nutt. had returned to preharvest levels in all treatment types. Because criteria for evaluating forest management practices have changed since this study was begun, partial overstory retention systems for the management of Alaska’s boreal forest deserve further study. Résumé : Cet article présente les résultats d’une comparaison entre la coupe à blanc et la coupe progressive basée sur 27 années d’étude dans la forêt boréale de l’Alaska. Trois aires de coupe à blanc et trois unités de coupe progressive ont été récoltées en 1972; environ 100 épinettes blanches (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) résiduelles à l’hectare et dispersées dans les zones de coupe progressive ont été conservées. Les parterres de coupe ont été scarifiés mécaniquement et une quantité exceptionnelle de graines ont été produites et dispersées cette année-là. Les arbres résiduels ont été enlevés après 15 ans dans les zones de coupe progressive. Après 27 ans, le traitement de l’étage dominant n’avait eu aucun effet sur la densité ou la croissance des espèces étudiées, tandis que la scarification a eu des effets très significatifs. En 1999, les zones scarifiées étaient densément peuplées avec des semis et des gaules d’épinette blanche (118 000 – 129 000 tiges/ha, avec de l’épinette blanche dans 100% des parcelles. Les zones non scarifiées avaient beaucoup moins de tiges d’épinette, mais elles avaient néanmoins une bonne densité relative (11 000 – 15 000 tiges/ha, avec une fréquence de 87%). Au début, l’épinette a eu une meilleure croissance sur les surfaces scarifiées mais, à 27 ans, la croissance des gaules d’épinette les plus hautes était significativement plus forte sur les surfaces non scarifiées que scarifiées. Après 27 ans, la couverture herbacée par le Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Nutt. était revenue aux niveaux d’avant la récolte dans tous les types de traitements. Étant donné que les critères pour évaluer les pratiques d’aménagement forestier ont changé depuis le début de cette étude, les systèmes qui consistent à conserver une partie de l’étage dominant pour l’aménagement de la forêt boréale de l’Alaska méritent d’être étudiés davantage. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Wurtz and Zasada 1011
منابع مشابه
Composition and structure of a Fagus orientalis-dominated forest managed with shelterwood aim (A Case study in the Caspian forests, northern Iran)
Composition and structure of a three-storied Fagus orientalis-dominated forest was investigated in the Caspian forests, north of Iran. Circular sampling plots of 1000 m2 occupied by advance growth and natural regeneration were randomly chosen where the initial cuttings (with shelterwood aim) were performed. Abundance of species at different growth stages and quality of seedlings and saplings we...
متن کاملRegenerating Boreal Mixedwoods : Three – year results of a Group Shelterwood Silviculture System in Trembling aspen – White spruce Stands
• Extension • Research • Consulting • PHOTO 1. Boreal mixedwood stand where both aspen and white spruce are within the dominant and co-dominant crown classes. Mixed species stands provide options for creating a wide variety of future stand conditions. Forest managers are increasingly being asked to consider and apply a diversity of silviculture systems to address the variety of social, economic...
متن کاملتأثیر اجرای شیوه تدریجی پناهی روی برخی مشخصه های مهم توده های جنگلی در سری نُه شفارود گیلان
The effect of management was studied on the variation of some crucial forest stand features in the district nine of Shafaroud Gilan during a 20-year period. The survey was conducted in the regeneration affectation on 1985 and 2007. The measurement were done with a similar design (systematic randomized sampling in a 150×200m grid and 0.1 ha circular field plots) in 1985 and 2007, respectively. A...
متن کاملResidual trees injury assessment after selective cutting in broadleaf forest in Shafaroud
In the Shafaroud forest, logging operation is generally performed by using selective cutting methods. Chainsaw and cable skidder are two main forest machines for harvesting of this forest. However, forest harvesting operations result in serious residual stand damage during felling, winching and skidding operations in this forest. Residual stand damage resulting from selective cutting was asses...
متن کاملShelterwood Partial Cutting in Interior White Spruce: Two-year Results of a Case Study at Aleza Lake, BC
The Aleza Lake Shelterwood Case Study is a recent introduction of uniform shelterwood methods to interior spruce-subalpine fir forests in central British Columbia. The goal of this operational trial is to test spruce shelterwood prescriptions designed for local conditions, and to monitor and report on post-harvest silvicultural results. Potential risks and operational disadvantages are also bei...
متن کامل